tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-43471971759501361072011-07-14T22:43:21.720-07:00Requirednoreply@blogger.comBlogger21100tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4347197175950136107.post-64805467597112294502009-01-07T02:52:00.002-08:002009-01-07T02:54:11.636-08:00<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>Transfection</b> is the process of introducing nucleic acids into cells by non-viral methods <sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup>. The term transformation is preferred to describe non-viral DNA transfer in bacteria and non-animal eukaryotic cells such as fungi, algae and plants.</p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Transfection of <span class="mw-redirect">animal cells</span> typically involves opening transient pores or 'holes' in the cell <span class="mw-redirect">plasma membrane</span>, to allow the uptake of material. Genetic material (such as supercoiled plasmid DNA or <span class="mw-redirect">siRNA</span> constructs), or even proteins such as <span class="mw-redirect">antibodies</span>, may be transfected. In addition to electroporation, transfection can be carried out by mixing a <span class="mw-redirect">cationic</span> lipid with the material to produce <span class="mw-redirect">liposomes</span>, which fuse with the cell plasma membrane and deposit their cargo inside.</p><p style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><img alt="http://medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk/supplemental/jlp10/1.jpg" src="http://medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk/supplemental/jlp10/1.jpg" /></p><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4347197175950136107-6480546759711229450?l=medicaltransfections.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Requirednoreply@blogger.com38tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4347197175950136107.post-9237139679934469622009-01-07T02:52:00.001-08:002009-01-07T02:52:48.337-08:00<strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Explanation:</strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> Introducing DNA into eukaryotic cells, such as animal cells, is called transfection. Transfection typically involves opening transient "holes" or gates in cells to allow the entry of extracellular molecules, typically supercoiled plasmid DNA, but also siRNA, among others. Several different transfection techniques are available, including calcium phosphate transfection, lipofection, electroporation, heat shock, and proprietary transfection reagents such as Fugene. The choice of transfection methods differs upon cell sensitivity to the conditions, and the amount of work and cost involved. Typically, transfection of bacteria is done by heat shock or electroporation, which are quick, cheap and easy procedures to carry out, as bacteria are easy to grow and multiply rapidly, even from a small portion of survivors. For eukaryotic cells, lipid- cation based transfection is more typically used, as the cells are more sensitive. The drawback is that this is costlier, and requires more work, which is typical of eukaryotic cell culture procedures in general. DNA can also be introduced into cells using viruses as a carrier. In such cases, the technique is called viral transduction, and the cells are said to be transduced. </span><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4347197175950136107-923713967993446962?l=medicaltransfections.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Requirednoreply@blogger.com0